Mass Spectrometry PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mass Spectrometry - PowerPoint Presentation Example The ions are then separated according to charge to mass ratio. They thus deflect such that those with the same mass to charge ratio experience the same deflection. The results are displayed spectra. The molecules or atoms in the sample are identified by comparing the found masses with the known masses. Mass spectrometry technology finds a wide range of applications such as in identifying unknown compounds, determining isotropic composition of element in a molecule and elucidating the structure of a compound. The ion analyser: - fragment ions as well as molecular ions are accelerated by manipulation of the charged particles. The mass analysis uses negative and positive voltages to control the path of the ions. Uncharged molecules and fragments are pumped away. The paths the ions assume are determined by their charge to mass ratio. Ionisation occurs at the ionizer stage. For soft ionisation, the bombardment which is carried out, impact very little residual energy onto the sample molecule resulting into very little fragmentation. Hard ionisation processes result into high residual energy into the sample material thereby leading t large fragmentation. The diagram above show the mass spectrum of pentan-3-one. Here the commonest fragment oin(tallest peak) is at m/x = 5 in is important to note that this isn’t produced the same ion. The m/z =5 was produced by [CH3CH2CH2CH2]+ therefore, there is possibility of getting a particular fragment from pentane. The peak with the m/z =29 is produced my the ethyl

Salad Bar Financial Plan And Objectives Marketing Essay

Salad Bar Financial Plan And Objectives Marketing Essay The salad bar financial model will be based on the business concept of managing for the best, and planning for the worst. The projections of the first year will anticipate for a sales volume below average, salad cost above average, and seat turn below average. This will help us ensure adequate financial planning to cater for a ramp-up period that is reasonable, success of the business, and ensure that the business is not under-capitalized (McKeever 2008). Financial Pro Forma Besides the $70,000 of owner investment and $90,000 grant monies, The Salad Bar is seeking $150,000 in loans that are long-term and $100,000 in renovation investments, kitchen equipment, furniture catering license, legal fees, working capital, , food restaurant supplies, personnel and marketing. Investment Opportunities The Salad Bar Investment Program assigns equity position of 30% for a $100,000 total in investor capital. Investment Opportunity Total Investor Grant Opportunity:     $100,000 Minimum Amount of Investment $5,000 Investment Term 2-4 Years Maximum Total Equity Offering 10% Starting Year 2 Silver: Projected Annual IRR on Investment of $15,000 $49,000 10% Gold: Projected Annual IRR on Investment of $50,000 $99,000 11% Platinum: Projected Annual IRR on Investment of $100,000 or more 12% + Residuals Our financial plan is based on the assumptions that there will be a slow-growth economy that will be recovering from an economic decline. It also assumes that the business will experience a modest growth in the future. The Salad Bar business intends to increase profit margins per day. The businesses aims at reducing the variable operation cost as well as achieve a double growth rate annually. The Salad Bar marketing strategy will be aimed at developing visibility among the members of the community. This strategy will be achieved through a targeted advertising campaign. There will be advertisements placed in various newsletters. Its hoped that the advertisements will yield a reasonable amount of product enquiries since they are beleaguered toward the target population that uses Salad Bar products/services (Young 2007). The Salad Bar Marketing Objectives Salad Bar aims at reducing market costs as a sales percentage. The business intends to maintain steady and positive growth every month. In addition, Salad Bar plans to experience new customers increase and consequently have them as long-term customers. Marketing Strategy The Salad Bar marketing strategy will be aimed at developing visibility among the members of the community. This strategy will be achieved through a targeted advertising campaign. There will be advertisements placed in various newsletters. Its hoped that the advertisements will yield a reasonable amount of product enquiries since they are beleaguered toward the target population that uses Salad Bar products/services (Abrams Kleiner 2003). Target marketing The Salad Bars target population includes the middle class clients and the upper-class clients. The middle-class population has minimal disposable income. It recognizes that its expensive to get salad from a salad bar but its prepared to incur expenses though they will attempt to minimize them. On the other hand, the upper-class clients are characterized by high income level and its willing to have salad from a bar. This strategy will require a different menu for the two groups since the upper-class salad menu will be cost prohibitive for the middle class population (McKeever 2008). Positioning The Salad Bar will position itself as a high quality, innovative salad business. The members of the society will recognize the high quality and unique service/product offerings of The Salad Bar. The Salad Bar competitive edge will be founded in  its customer inventive and customer approach to members of the society. The Salad Bar customer attention will make it different from other salad bars that have a lot of demand. The disadvantage of having a high demand is that the business experiences a decreased pressure to accommodate extra clients. When The Salad Bar will start having plenty of customers, we will modify our business plan in order to handle them effectively McKeever (2008). The Salad Bar will approach the market as if there is considerable competition between the different product providers. We aim at making customer satisfaction our priority, and through this, local clients will come to be pleased about the attention given to their need and establish long-term relationshi ps with The Salad Bar. The main objective is to position The Salad Bar as the premier Salad business within the area, authorizing a market share majority in four years. The marketing strategy will aim first at creating customer awareness concerning its products, build up a customer base, and focus on building customer referrals and loyalty (Young 2007) Marketing Mix The Salad Bar marketing mix will consist of pricing, distribution, advertising and promotion approaches. The pricing scheme of the business is based on per person or per bowl charge. The Salad Bar aims at making product deliveries for customer far from the shop. On the other Hand, advertising and promotion will be done through television and radio adverts as well as brochures (Young 2007). Marketing Research Several focus groups were established and held during the initial marketing plan development phase so as to gain insight into a number of potential customers. The groups provided useful insight into potential customers decision making. Additional dynamic market research source is a feedback system based on a proposal card system. The proposal card will have numerous statements that clients are asked to rate as per a given scale. There will be numerous open ended questions that will enable a client to offer constructive criticism freely. The Salad Bar will focus on implementing suggestions that are reasonable so as to improve its product offerings as well as demonstrate its commitment to customer suggestions (Abrams Kleiner 2003).

Building Our Future, One Student At a Time :: Education Teaching Teachers Essays

Building Our Future, One Student At a Time There have been many influences on my life. Some have been positive and some have been negative. But, the biggest influence on my life was luckily a very positive one in the form of numerous caring, motivated, intelligent people. You may ask who these people were. They were simply my teachers, and they are the main reason for my career decision. I am in full agreement with Rousseau in his belief that we are all born innocent. That we are neither good nor evil, but rather the environment in which we are influences this. That is why being a good teacher is important. I really and truly feel that the greatest influences on a child, aside from their parents, are their teachers. These are the people that teach children the knowledge and skills that they will use most in life. For example, they teach students how to read, how to do mathematics, how to analyze information, and how to apply the things that they have learned to their everyday lives. Teachers are around the student, in some instances, more than the parents. Therefore, the teacher’s impact on the student is tremendously great. Teachers have to be a number of things all rolled up into one neat package. First and foremost, teachers must be great role models for their students. The teachers have to be role models not just in their words, but also in their actions. If there is one thing I’ve learned from being in different school settings and around numerous children it is that children are very observant. They notice all the little things that you don’t even realize you are doing. So, if you are doing the things you are trying to instill into the children, you establish a trust with them and they see that these aren’t just words that you speak, but they are actually things that you know, believe in, and above all else practice in your own life. This constant role model status also helps you be a better person as you mold the lives of our future. Teachers also have to be disciplinarians. They have to set boundaries and rules for the students and enforce them without a drop of prejudice.

Pepsi Advertisement Analysis Essay

Advertising and powerful images have always gone hand in hand in producing effective advertising.   Without powerful visuals, advertisements in a newspaper would look very similar to the news and obituary.   Images are the language of advertising and without them, people would have to go through the rigorous task of reading about a product and not seeing it in full action color. This advertisement is highly effective in communicating its message to the viewer.  Ã‚   It is effective because it makes the consumer want to buy Pepsi, which is of course the objective of advertising.   By just taking a quick glance at the image, the viewer will get very thirsty and will start craving for a can of ice cold Pepsi.   In the initial stage an advertisement must attract attention.   Once an advertisement has one’s attention, the viewer must gain interest, or else he may not look long enough to absorb the message conveyed in the advertisement.   Lastly, the advertisement must motivate action from the viewer, which in concrete terms, is purchasing the product. First, the image is highly attractive and pleasing to eye because of the contrasting colors of blue and yellow-orange which will immediately stand out if placed beside other advertisements in a magazine or newspaper, or even among other billboards.   This is important because advertisements are not supposed to blend in with its surroundings, or else they will go unnoticed.   Standing-out among other advertisements or other forms of media is crucial.   This is because despite that fact that an advertisement may be funny, witty, or memorable, it important that it must first be initially attractive to target viewers. This Pepsi advertisement makes good use of color as a medium of showing the tone or mood of the message the advertisement is trying to convey.   Blue or teal is the most dominant color in this advertisement.   The can of Pepsi is blue and so is the table and the rest of the background, giving the advertisement a very cool and relaxing visual feel.   It is not only the color of the product’s packaging, the can of Pepsi, but it is also pleasing to the eye and relaxing to look at.   It is curious to note that its direct competitor, Coca-Cola, uses red. The yellow-orange of the bowl of cheese curls immediately stands out of the rest of the blue background as a happy, vibrant and exciting color.   It creates contrast in the image. This selection of colors go hand in hand with the punchline of the advertisement which shows humor, and which gives human qualities to inanimate objects such as a bowl of cheese curls. These colors of blue and yellow-orange give the advertisement a very vibrant and positive tone or mood.   The bowl of cheese curls, being in the color or yellow-orange and immediately standing out of the blue background, is the object immediately seen by the viewer. Upon looking at the bowl of cheese curls, one’s view is immediately directed towards the part of the cheese curls that is forming a hand.   Then only is the view directed to look at the can of ice cold Pepsi.   This is how the composition of objects within a frame can control the gaze of the viewer from one object to another until the entire message of the advertisement is conveyed. Aside from showing the product itself, the advertisement shows a bowl of cheese curls.   This is a snack which is commonly eaten by children, teenagers, and young adults alike.   The use of this snack in the advertisement together with the can of Pepsi shows us the target audience of this image: children, teenagers, and young adults.   It is most likely that the people who have eaten cheese curls or other similar products are the ones who will understand why the bowl of cheese curls is reaching out for the can of   ice cold Pepsi. The cheese curls, shown in a happy shade of yellow-orange, is arranged in such a way that brings humor to the image.   This is the punchline or the big idea of the advertisement.   The cheese curls are shown to have crawled out of the bowl and holding on to each other to form a human hand that is reaching out for the can of cold Pepsi. It is this ultimate message that triggers the viewer to think, â€Å"Aha!† and subsequently crave for cheese curls and a can of ice cold Pepsi.   It persuades the viewer to buy a can of Pepsi and a bag of chips.   If one looks more closely, the can of Pepsi is wet with dew around it, indicating that it is a very cold can of Pepsi.   This makes the can of Pepsi a lot more enticing to the viewer while he reads the newspaper, magazine, or while walking in a subway station, especially in the middle of a hot summer day. The angle of the entire image is also very direct and horizontal, not signifying any status symbol, or edgy look.   It is clear, plain, and simple, and straightforward.   It is just showing the viewer in a very plain and simple manner the humor of the punchline. This makes the image easily understandable when viewed from a distance or from a moving vehicle. It is interesting to note that nowhere in the image does it show or explain what exactly Pepsi is.   This is because Pepsi has long been a player in the soda industry and has been advertising long enough already.   They no more need to inform consumers what exactly their product is.   This is one of the advantages of being a known brand. It allows the brand to use humorous advertisements such as these. Clearly, there is no way that Pepsi could have effected this advertisement without the use of images.   Images in advertising are of paramount importance.

Global Warming Crisis Essay

Global warming pertains to the increase in temperature of the atmosphere based on the entrapment of gases that are emitted from activities on the surface of the earth. The increase in temperature is a direct result of the greenhouse effect, which involves heat that originated from the sun, which is entrapped within the atmosphere due to several factors. Scientists have determined that the atmosphere’s temperature has increased since the industrial revolution, which has maximized the use of chemicals in manufacturing various kinds of materials in industry. There are four principal gases that have been identified to be primarily responsible for the onset of global warming. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is accountable for approximately half of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (Pearson and Palmer, 2000). This gas is a by-product of fossil fuel combustion, which involves burning of coal, natural gas and oil. It is also generated from deforestation activities, which have increased for expansion of industrialization areas. Trees utilize carbon dioxide in their photosynthetic reactions, but it there are fewer trees in the environment, less CO2 is removed from the atmosphere, leaving the environment with excess amounts of CO2. Another gas that has been determined to be responsible for global warming is chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are the primary constituent of plastics and aerosols, as well as refrigerants in air conditioners. Chlorofluorocarbons make up approximately 25% of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Thirdly, methane gas (CH4), which comprises approximately 12% of the greenhouse gases, is also accountable for global warming. Methane gas is released during the decay of organic matter, as well as in the stomachs of cattle, sheep and termites, yet, most of the gas is currently generated by industrial companies. Lastly, nitrous oxide (N2O) is responsible for approximately 6% of the greenhouse gases. It is a by-product of industries, as well as nitrogen fertilizers, volcanic eruptions and livestock manure. Global warming not only affects the weather, but it will also affect natural habitats. Higher levels of CO2 may facilitate the growth of forests, facilitating them to flourish and bloom. The warmer ocean waters will be helpful to fish and algae in the high seas. However, those organisms in higher elevations will find difficulty in surviving in warmer environments. Higher temperatures in oceans may kill corals, which are the nurseries for fishes and other aquatic organisms. For the human population, global warming may cause more incidents of infectious diseases such malaria, as well as systemic health problems such as heat stroke and respiratory diseases. Currently, the world is confused as society is ignorant of the detailed effects of global warming. Society is aware the summers are now longer and more intense and winters are envious of summer’s wrath, unleashing a fury that rivals the intensity of the heat. This is actually what global warming does. It confuses the world and now currently has also succeeded in confounding scientists. From a scientific point of view, global warming can be understood as a global environmental phenomenon which is characterized by an increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans (Smith and Reynolds, 2005). There is certainly no doubt that global warming has a very detrimental effect on the environment as it causes rising sea levels and alters the amount and pattern of precipitation that a areas all over the world get (Gregory et al. , 2002). These environmental changes are also the projected causes of other ecological changes such as increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events which in turn creates changes in agricultural yields, glacier retreat, reduced summer stream flows, species extinctions and increases in the ranges of disease vectors (Choi and Fisher, 2003). Based on the current scientific projections, the temperature of the world is expected to increase by 1. 1 to 6. 4 Â °C (2. 0 to 11. 5 Â °F) between the years 1990 and 2100. While most of the studies and projection models that have been utilized for these estimates cover the period up to the year 2100, global temperature warming and sea level rise are expected to continue for more than a millennium even if no further greenhouse gases are released after this date (Haigh, 2003). This is due to the melting of the polar ice caps which is estimated to continue due to the changes that have already occurred in the world’s temperature. One proposal to answer to the problem of global warming is a lot simpler in theory than it is in practice. Given the rate of economic growth of many of the developing countries and the shift of production to the lesser developed countries, the implementation of any global protocols is easier to imagine than to implement (Torn and Harte, 2006). Greenhouse gases, which are cited as one of the main causes of global warming, are most commonly emitted from the highly industrialized countries and the less developed countries which rely heavily on industrial machinery for production. The problem in this scenario is that by cutting back on the emission of greenhouse gases, a majority of the world’s production of most major goods will be affected. The economic costs not to mention the technological impediments that preventing the shift to more environmentally friendly methods make the reduction of these greenhouse gases extremely difficult (Rudiman, 2005). There have been steps that have been taken to reduce the levels of greenhouse gases. In order to address the situation of global warming, many countries have participated in the world’s primary international agreement on combating global warming which is the Kyoto Protocol. An amendment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol binds signatory countries to reduce their emissions of CO2 and five other greenhouse gases. In the alternative, it allows these countries to engage in emissions trading if they are able to maintain or increase emissions of these gases (Wigley, 2007). The problem with this protocol, however, is that it exempts developing countries from meeting emission standards in Kyoto (Choi and Fisher, 2003). Some of the countries that have been exluded from this list are China and India, who are ranked as the second and third largest emitters of CO2, behind the United States. It is clear therefore that even despite these actions much more work is needed in order to address the problem. The implementation of international protocols and requiring countries to meet certain environmental standards is certainly a big step towards addressing this issue. More intergovernmental cooperation is also another prospective answer to this problem. The more developed countries should also take the lead in encouraging the shift away from more traditional methods of production towards more environmentally friendly methods through the award of grants and exchange of technology (Torn and Harte, 2006). The creation of a body that is designed to not only specifically develop policies regarding this issue but also be given the power to enforce these policies will allow for the more efficient reduction of these greenhouse gases (Torn and Harte, 2006). References Choi O and Fisher A (2003): The impacts of socioeconomic development and climate change on severe weather catastrophe losses: Mid-Atlantic region (MAR) and the U. S. Climate Change Vol. 58, pp. 149. Gregory JM, Stouffer RJ and Raper SCG (2002): An observationally based estimate of the climate sensitivity. J. Climate 15(22):3117-21. Haigh JD (2003): The effects of solar variability on the Earth’s climate. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 361(1802):91-111. Lean JL, Wang YM and Sheeley NR (2002): The effect of increasing solar activity on the Sun’s total and open magnetic flux during multiple cycles: Implications for solar forcing of climate. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29(24):2224. Pearson PN and Palmer MR (2000): Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature 406(6797):695–699. Revkin AC (2005): Rise in gases unmatched by a history in ancient ice. New York Times, November 25, 2005. Rudiman W (2005): How Did Humans First Alter Global Climate? Sci. Am. , March 2005 issue. Smith TM and Reynolds RW (2005): A global merged land–air–sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations (1880–1997). J. Clim. 18(12): 2021-2036. Torn M and Harte J (2006): Missing feedbacks, asymmetric uncertainties, and the underestimation of future warming. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33(10):L10703. Wigley T (2007): The Kyoto Protocol: CO2, CH4, and climate implications. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25(13):2285.

The Changing View of Slavery essays

The Changing View of Slavery essays Justus Engelhardt Kuhn and Robert S. Duncanson held respected reputations for their artistic abilities. Kuhn was the first Maryland portrait painter, of German descent from the Rhine Valley who continued his painting until his death in November 1717. Duncanson was a pre-Civil War African-American painter widely recognized as one of the great landscape artists. Given the time period and background of the two artists, one can expect their artwork to also differ in style, content, and meaning. Kuhns Henry Darnall III as a Child and Duncansons Uncle Tom and Little Eva appropriately reflect societys different and changing views towards slavery during each of the artists time periods. The first stark difference that stands out about the paintings certainly has to be the setting. Despite the fact that both paintings contain some form of a master and a slave, the setting certainly is different. Kuhns painting is set on a balcony with a balustrade behind the child along with formal gardens and pavilions behind that are complete fictions. During that time period, no properties in America looked like this. Kuhn was meeting the illusory desire of Colonial gentry to seem like important extensions of European culture (Pohl 65). This type of grandeur did not begin to be realized for another century or so, when Americans were actually able to accumulate wealth comparable to Europe. These types of aristocratic pretensions (Pohl 65) made it seem appropriate that there would also be a strict division of class during the time. With such a class difference, one can deduce that servitude or some form of slavery would also be accepted during the time period. This argumen t is validated by the fact that the slave population was growing dramatically during the first half of the 18th century when the number of slaves rose from 15,000 to 100,000 (Pohl 64). The setting for Duncansons painting is sligh...

Othello Essay Essay Example

Othello Essay Essay Example Othello Essay Paper Othello Essay Paper In act 5 scene 2 of the drama ‘Othello’ . we witness Othello killing his married woman Desdemona because Iago tricked him into believing that she was perpetrating criminal conversation. Throughout the drama Iago fooled Othello into believing that his married woman was rip offing on him. this narrative line flood tides in this concluding scene when Othello kills Desdemona so takes his ain life in compunction. After reading William Shakespeare’s authoritative. wrote in the nineteenth century. I watched Oliver Parkers movie version ( 1995 ) . The lighting. costumes. camera shootings. music. scenery and histrions were all used to great consequence to portray the play that ensued in the ilm. As in all movie versions there are many differences to the narrative line. chiefly because the book depicting what is traveling on in the background is non needed in a movie as we can see what is traveling on. This is illustrated in lines 20-22 as they are omitted because they are unneeded due to the stopping point up shootings. which clearly show Othello crying. Appearance and world is a subject which reoccurs throughout Othello. and plays a important function. This subject has its most powerful and dramatic realisation in the character of Iago. Iago fools everyone in the drama into believing he’s honest. for although he is alled ‘honest’ by about everyone in the drama. he is unreliable. deceitful. and manipulative. No one even suspects him of perfidy. until the concluding act when Roderigo foremost realizes how severely he’s been fooled. In short. Iago proves that evil purposes can be masked behind a frontage of honestness. The subject emerges in other characters: Brabantio is deceived by Desdemona’s reaction to Othello. presuming she fears him when she genuinely loves the Moor. Othello suspects that Desdemona is fallacious and impure. although she is truly inculpable and guiltless. Othello besides feels he’s being deceived by Cassio. whom he trusts and ho appears loyal. Emilia’s exterior suggests salty indifference. but she turns against her hubby and dies in rebelliousness of Desdemona. It is the military values. such as honestness. trust and friendly relationship. which are supposed to be between soldiers allow Iago to full pull strings the characters. ( Othello. 1995 ) On the issues of theme visual aspect versus world. Othello and fellow characters place great dependance on their eyes and in making so they jump to decisions. There rather a few illustrations where there is some sort of confusion in that characters believe n merely their eyes indicate to them. hence. Looks can so be really lead oning. One examples where the subject visual aspect versus world comes into consequence. is when Othello spots Cassio walking off after speaking to Desdemona. This formed the footing of enviousness and gave rise to intuition for which Laga was responsible as he made Othello cognizant that an matter was taking topographic point between Cassio and Desdemona. In truth Laga was the 1 who was covetous. In Othello the usage of imagination and linguistic communication by Parker is sighifant it shows the significance because it helps us to see the chief subjects. The chief subjects are nature. visible radiation. snake pit and immorality. Othello. 1995 ) Iago says ‘I’ll pour this plague into his ear’ in the monologue I think the author used the metaphor because it is effectual because Iago says prevarications and prevarications are like a disease or toxicant which shows how his prevarications are to destroy Othello. The plague means disease so this means Iago stating atrocious prevarications. In the address Iago makes many mentions to hell. Devils will the blackest sins’ I think the writer put it a batch of mentions to hell because it reflects Iago’s personality and shows how dark the narrative is. The audience may believe besides that Iago is the Satan. So the subject here is one of darkness and immorality. In Iago’s monologue Iago uses the word ‘Moor’ a batch. This shows Othello is ever on Iago’s head and it shows he hates Othello. In the monologue the contacts between black and white is besides used as a metaphor ‘virtue into pitch’ between Othello and Desdemona In the movie Othello directed by Oliver Parker Iago’s monologue represents a batch about his character. In the beginning Iago’s face is in a batch of shadow. This shows Iago is two faced because the shadow shows two sides of his face. When Iago says ‘I play the villian’he touches his ear. This is a mark proposing he is lying and experiencing nervous so the stance alterations to a more of a edgy subject. Iago is placed in the dark. bluish dark at the beginning to stand for he is a dark. evil character. He talks as though the audience is his friends at the beginning. Iago stares out into the out when he is speaking about Desmonda. This shows he is believing about how to pin down her. When Iago is speaking about Othello. Iago nods in the way of the palace. By making this he is demoing that he is ever cognizant of Othello and worried that he may acquire found out. Iago alterations rapidly when he say’ Divinity degree Fahrenheit snake pit! ’ He voice becomes lower and more serious. This is because he is uncovering more and more of his program to pin down them all. Iago keeps oculus contact with the audience at this point. This shows he wants to affect the audience in his program and besides to demo that he earnestly wants to do Othello experience hurting. The music at starts off quiet so grows louder. The music starts on the line ‘Divinity of snake pit! ’ This is because he cursed and he going more and more darker in what he says. Violin strings do the music ; this creates a creepy music. which is merely right to demo how evil and creepy Iago is. Towards the terminal of the address Iago moves towards the fire. The ruddy fires of the fire represent Iago’s evil side because ruddy is usual associated with snake pit Iago holds the smouldering terminal of a fire log and snuffs it with the thenar of his fist stating. ‘So will I turn her virtuousness into pitch’ . and out of her ain goodness make the cyberspace that shall ensnarl them all. This shows Iago wants to utilize Desdemona in his immorality program and by utilizing her he will turn her from being white and pure ( ‘virtue’ ) into non so pure ( ‘pitch’ ) . When Iago closes his custodies in the address. This represents him pin downing them all. If I were directing this scene foremost I would hold had sounds of air current to demo the presence of immorality. I would hold Iago have oning wear dark colored apparels. to demo the audience that he is dark. When Iago references Othello he says ‘Moor’ so when he says ‘Moor’ I would hold him draw an angry face to demo his hatred towards Othello. When Iago says’ She’s framed as fruitful’ He should state that truly reasonably and smile but in a sarcastic manner to demo that Othello thinks the universe of her. Then he should alter from a reasonably voice to a serious voice when he says ‘then for her. to win the Moor again’ . By making this he is demoing his program because he’s utilizing Desdemona beauty and inasuns to acquire O thello. When Iago asks rhetorical inquiry such as ‘How am I so a villain’ he should look straight at them camera to the audience and wink a spot to demo that he knows he is non guiltless but he still tries to do everybody believe that he is. Towards the terminal of the address when Iago says ‘So will I turn her into virtuousness into pitch. And out of her goodness make the cyberspace. that shall ensnarl them all. ’ He should be sitting on the autumn playing about in the irt. so as he is stating the line he should catch the soil put it over his manus and so do a fist with the remainder of the soil to demo that he is pin downing them all. The music should be still creepy but a bit darker like more fiddles should be added to do the music darker. This would be good because it would demo Iago is even darker. The music should get down off quieter but so turn louder at the line ‘Divinity of snake pit! I feel the music needs to be on throughout the monologue to demo how dark Iago is. Iago’s aim ‘make the net. That shall ensnarl them all’ ; is really successful because Iago foremost traps Roderigo by stating that he will et Desdemona for him. Iago following traps Cassio by acquiring him rummy and so Cassio loss his occupation. Following Iago traps Desdemona by doing her ask Othello to give Cassio his occupation back so Othello thinks she is holding an matter. Iago successfully traps Othello into believing that his ain married woman is holding affair without any concrete cogent evidence. Many deceases go on. Desdemona dies. Rodergio dies. Iago married woman dies and Othello dies. Iago has trapped them all because they all dice and he got his retaliation on Othello. There are many utilizations of illuming in a movie. Oliver Parker uses illuming to great consequence at he get downing of Act 5 Scene 2. He sets the scene by utilizing really hushed lighting ; this technique reflects the at hand day of reckoning and Othello’s. dark dull frame of head. Desdemona’s chamber bit by bit becomes darker as Othello extinguishes the tapers as he walks down the hallway towards Desdemona. This signifies that Othello is so traveling to kill Desdemona who was the ‘light of his life’ before the whole adventure. His attack towards his married woman is slow and deliberate. assisting to construct up the tenseness which we the audience feel in relation to our hopes. frights and outlooks sing the destiny of Desdemona. Parker adds further to the dramatic consequence by the powerful intermission prior to Othello speech production. He uses this chance to demo his first shut up of Othello’s tear-stained face. ( Othello. 1995 ) Equally good as excluding lines from Shakespeare’s text Parker inserts lines from old scenes because they seem to do more sense as respects to reading of events. For illustration after line 73 Oliver Parker inserts line 128-129 from Act 5 Scene 1. ( Shakespeare. 2004 ) In the movie Othello approximately throws Desdemona back onto the bed. ( line 78 in the text ) . Again the eerie. stalking music begins signalling impending day of reckoning. Shakspere does non depict Desdemona contending back. Parker. nevertheless. seems to propose that she merely wasn’t a inactive victim. The first flood tide in Act 5 Scene 2 is Othello surrounding his hapless bride. It is a most powerful heart-wrenching scene to watch. Here Parker strikingly uses the close-up technique to its fullest advantage as we see the Whites of Othello’s eyes whilst smothering his married woman. clearly exposing his hurt and angst. Another powerful image is one of Desdemona white manus fondly covering the caput of her liquidator. followed by a hunting close up of Othello’s tear stained face. Othello. 1995 ) In line 140. haunting music returns as Emilia realises that Iago has lied about Desdemona’s behavior to Othello. ensuing in her ill-timed decease. In lines 156-158. in Parker’s version. Emilia shouts â€Å"murder. Again we see a powerful close up of Othello’s heartache at the inexorable realization that he has wrongly killed his darling married woman. ( Shakespeare. 2004 ) The 2nd flood tide to this scene is when Othello stabs Iago who collapses to his articulatio genuss. Othello besides drops to his articulatio genuss. Here we see an image of both histrions gazing each other out. This image is doubtless one of good facing immorality. Then Othello delivers a traveling address to his audience summing up his life. Out of the corner of our eyes we see the flicker of a sticker hidden in the thenar of Othello’s manus. this increases the tenseness in the audience. We so see shootings of Cassio’s and Iago’s reactions. We see a little bead of compunction in Iago’s eyes. We so see Othello utilizing his necklace as a noose before he fatally stabs himself. He is so filmed creeping onto the bed. fighting to make Desdemona whereupon he kisses her foregrounding their love for each other. Parker has created his ain stoping to the unsolved original text. Othello. 1995 ) We watch Iago whose character I will concentrate on shortly join Desdemona Emilia and Othello on the bed ; this possibly shows his regreat. He stares at the camera as if oppugning the audience. Hope is symbolised by Cassio opening the shutters whereupon light enters the room. bathing the characters. Parker has besides added a scene demoing Othello and Desdemona being berried at sea against a glorious deep ruddy sundown. This is symbolic of the passion that existed through the two characters. This cartridge holder is peculiarly powerful as it can be associated with an earlier seen demoing Iago hrowing excessively chess pawns. one black and the other white into a well. A pawn is the least valuable cheat pieces in a chess game. This symbolises how Othello and Desdemona where both pawns in Iago’s game. Parker besides uses the consequence of costumes to add to the movie. Desdemona is have oning a white nightgown. which is symbolic of her pureness. Othello is have oning a white hooded cloak. which besides shows his artlessness in Iago’s game. He is besides have oning a batch of jewelry symbolizing his wealth. Iago is have oning a dark brown outfit throughout the movie unlike his personality. which changes invariably.

Top 10 jobs for trade school graduates

Top 10 jobs for trade school graduates Your educational path post-high school should be one that works best for you. For some people, that’s a four-year degree (or beyond). But for many others, choosing a trade-specific education and building career skills that way is the most fulfilling and financially viable option. If you’re thinking about opting for a specialty trade school as you set your own professional goals, we have info on some of the top careers you can pursue without going the university route. 1. ElectricianElectricians install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring and equipment. The day-to-day work may involve installing, maintaining, and fixing wiring and electrical equipment, installing transformers and circuit breakers, using devices to diagnose electrical problems, reading blueprints, ensuring safety and compliance with national regulations, and ensuring that others are working safely with electrical devices, tools, and infrastructure.What you’ll need: Electricians typically serve a four-year apprenticeship in which they receive direct on-the-job training. This may be done in conjunction with an electrician training program at an accredited trade school, or right out of high school. Most states require electricians to be licensed, so be sure to check your own state’s requirements.How much they make: $52,570 per year, or $25.35 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 9% by 2024- about average for all jobs.2. PlumberPlumbing can be a dirty job, but someone has to do it, and that someone can build a lucrative career out of this specialty. Plumbers install and repair water pipes and septic systems. Their day-to-day work may include installing pipes and water fixtures, diagnosing and troubleshooting water-related issues, repairing or replacing water pipe systems, ensuring that plumbing systems are up to code, reading blueprints, and billing customers. This can be a very physically demanding job, as it also requires a lot of hands-on manual work and dexterity.Some plumbers are hired full-time by government agencies or private companies, but many are small business owners and contractors working on their own.What you’ll need: Plumbers typically serve an apprenticeship in which they receive direct on-the-job training. This may be done in conjunction with a plumber training program at an accredited trade school, or right out of high school. Most states require plumbers to be licensed, so be sure to check your own state’s requirements.How much they make: $51,450 per year, or $24.74 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 16% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.3. Dental HygienistAt a dental appointment, hygienists are the ones who handle prep for procedures, as well as clean teeth and treat minor dental health issues. (They’re also the ones who can tell immediately whether you’ re flossing as much as you say you do.) Their day-to-day responsibilities may include cleaning teeth, examining patients for signs of oral disease (like gingivitis), providing preventative dental care, assisting with dental surgeries and procedures, and educating patients on oral health and follow-up care. Most hygienists are employed by private dental offices, though they may be found in healthcare facilities that offer dental care.What you’ll need: An associate’s degree in dental hygiene from an accredited program (which generally takes two to three years to complete). And although every state requires dental hygienists to be licensed, the requirements to get and keep a license may vary, so check your state’s requirements.How much they make: $72,910 per year, or $35.05 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 20% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.4. Respiratory TherapistHealthcare field s are growing exponentially, and although many career paths in this field require an advanced degree, there are plenty of options that require trade-specific programs and certification to get started. One such field is respiratory therapy. These professionals work with patients of all ages who may have trouble breathing due to chronic respiratory conditions like asthma, heart conditions, or emphysema. Their day-to-day work may include examining patients, working with physicians and other medical staff to develop treatment plans, diagnosing conditions through tests, treating patients with therapy and medications, monitoring and recording patient process, and educating patients on at-home or follow-up care.Respiratory therapists typically work in hospitals, private medical offices, or other healthcare facilities. The job may require shifts on nights, weekends, or holidays, especially for therapists who work in hospitals or other facilities that are open all the time.What you’ll need: An associate’s degree in respiratory therapy from an accredited program. Respiratory therapists need to be licensed in all states except Alaska, so you should check your own state’s specific requirements for licensing.How much they make: $58,670 per year, or $28.21 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 23% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.5. Licensed Practical NurseLicensed practical nurses, or LPNs (also known as licensed vocational nurses) provide basic nursing care, under the direction of registered nurses and physicians. Their day-to-day work may include performing basic vital signs tests, changing bandages, inserting or removing catheters, helping patients with tasks like bathing or dressing, monitoring patients, and keeping detailed patient records.What you’ll need: A certificate from an LPN-specific program at an accredited school. All states require LPNs to be licensed and may have different regulations as to what an LPN can and cannot do on the job, so be sure to check your own state’s specific requirements.How much they make: $44,090 per year, or $21.20 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 12% by 2024- faster than average for all jobs.6. HVAC TechnicianWith cooling issues in summer and heating issues in winter, HVAC (Heating, Venting, and Air Conditioning) technicians are often in demand year-round. These professionals work on the systems that regulate air and temperature in buildings. Their day-to-day work may include installing heating or cooling equipment, diagnosing and fixing issues with air quality and temperature, installing electrical components and wiring, inspecting air systems, performing general maintenance on air systems, and ensuring compliance with air quality regulations.What you’ll need: A certificate from an HVAC-specific training program at an accr edited school, plus on-the-job training.How much they make: $45,910 per year, or $22.07 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 15% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.7. Diagnostic Medical SonographerDiagnostic medical sonographers use imaging equipment (like sonographs and ultrasound) to help diagnose or treat patients with internal injuries or conditions. Their day-to-day work may include preparing patients for testing, taking medical histories, educating patients about diagnostic imaging tests, preparing and maintaining diagnostic image equipment, operating diagnostic equipment, reviewing test results for accuracy, identifying normal and abnormal test results, analyzing the diagnostic results and providing them to physicians, and keeping detailed patient records.What you’ll need: An associate’s degree or a certificate from an accredited diagnostic medical sonography program. Although there ar e no state-specific licensing requirements, many employers prefer or require Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS) professional certification.How much they make: $64,280 per year, or $30.90 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 17% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.8. Cardiovascular TechnologistSimilar to diagnostic medical sonographers, cardiovascular technologists use imaging equipment to diagnose and treat heart issues and conditions. Their day-to-day work may include performing tests like electrocardiograms, stress tests, and Holter monitoring to track cardiovascular health and activity, preparing and maintain the testing equipment, reviewing test results for accuracy, identifying normal and abnormal test results, analyzing the diagnostic results and providing them to physicians, and keeping detailed patient records.What you’ll need: An associate’s degree or a certificate from an accredited cardiovascular technologist program.How much they make: $64,280 per year, or $30.90 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 17% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.9. Truck DriverIf you really want a job that’s outside of the 9-to-5 world, truck driving is a field that literally leaves the office behind. Truck driving schools are becoming more popular, as logistics careers heat up in general. Truck drivers’ day-to-day work may include loading freight, inspecting and securing cargo, driving long distances to deliver goods or materials, performing vehicle maintenance, troubleshooting mechanical issues, and keeping detailed logs of their travels and deliveries.This is a job that requires long hours and the willingness to be away from home for extended periods of time. It also involves a lot of physical labor and stamina.What you’ll need: A commercial driver’s license (CDL ), with additional certifications if you’re interested in handling and transporting hazardous materials. Truck drivers may also need to complete a certificate from a professional truck-driving school.How much they make: $41,340 per year, or $19.87 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 6% by 2024- about average for all jobs.10. ParalegalParalegals are legal assistants who support attorneys, and it may surprise you to know that it’s not a job that requires law school, but rather a program in paralegal studies. Their day-to-day work may include maintaining and organizing files, doing legal research, gathering evidence and documents for attorneys, writing reports to help prepare attorneys for trials, drafting and reviewing legal correspondence, taking affidavits and other legal statements, filing briefs, and working with clients or witnesses to schedule appointments, interviews, or depositions.What youâ€℠¢ll need: An associate’s degree or a certificate from an accredited paralegal studies program.How much they make: $49,500 per year, or $23.80 per hourThe career outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the field will grow about 15% by 2024- much faster than average for all jobs.If you’re thinking about taking the trade school route, there are â€Å"think outside the college box† options that can get you working in your field fairly quickly, without much of the debt and time investment of a more traditional four-year college education. Again, your career path should be what works for you and your goals, and there are lots of specific programs out there that can give you the exact education you need to get started.

Summary of an article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Summary of an article - Essay Example It goes without saying that what has managed to sustain the timeless freshness and utility of StarCraft is a deluge of user generated content. The game software has the provision for a Campaign Editor, which allows the players to contrive varied possibilities, scenarios and modes. The game also has the scope for ambitious ‘total conversions’, thereby leading to a prolific, fan generated content pool, which has indeed played an important role in assuring the longevity of StarCraft. This contributory aspect raises many issues. Though these fan modes extended the relevance and scope of the game, many of these modes were unsuccessful as the tapered down and remained incomplete in the current times. This also turned out to be true in case of many other digital ventures. One big reason behind this drying up of user generated contribution tend to be the issues related to ownership and the tussle between contributions supportive of an open culture and the constraints imposed by proprietary claims over cultural

How did the physicians and the literate lay people in the 18th century Essay

How did the physicians and the literate lay people in the 18th century explain disease and what did they think were the roles of doctor, the individual, and the state in responding to and preventing it - Essay Example The state had not been involved previously in the maintenance of health and health related issues but many writings and works led to the initiation of the intervention of the government in these issues. This century could not be considered as an era of great medical development because it did not reach very close to the actual concept and meaning of medical practice. But the advances and progression in this regard was great enough as compared to the previous centuries. The concept of disease was previously considered to be the problems encountered by a patient. It was the presentation of the symptoms and signs by the patient which laid the basis for the explanation of the disease. This practice was very much common till the start of the eighteenth century. This is clearly presented by an example which was put forward by Alexander Morgan who was a surgeon in Bristol. He put forward a case which he encountered with a patient in 1744 when the patient presented him with his problems. This was the period when the doctor was not the person solely governing the pathology with which the patient was suffering and the prescribed medications. It was rather the doctor and the patient who discussed the problems together and reached to a conclusion regarding the treatment to be prescribed to the patient. It is said that during this time it was actually the patient who ruled the right to reach to a conclusion regarding his problem and medicine and practice basic ally lay in the hands of the sufferer. During this time patients explained the reasons for their diseases. They could actually stand against the treatment given to them by the doctor. The reasons explained for illnesses ranged from sudden changes in temperature to the curse of god. Not only were there vague reasons for diseases but treatments were also of a similar range. By the middle of the eighteenth century certain changes to these concepts were noticed. Hospitals were created by this time. And the other

Cyber-Bullying Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cyber-Bullying - Research Paper Example Due to the unfortunate and highly publicized cases of teen suicide due to cyber bullying, parents are becoming increasingly aware of the problem and taking steps to prevent their child from being victimized in this manner. Cyber-bullying can be effectively reduced with the combination of parental involvement and newly developed software that filters content. Cyber-bullying affects people of all ages but teenagers are by far the most vulnerable and most victimized. This relatively new type of bullying does not inflict physical injury therefore may go unnoticed by parents. Too often parents do not realize their child is being libeled, coerced or taunted on Facebook, harassed through an online chat room or cyber-stalked by a number of electronic means. Cyber-bullying has been defined as online social malevolence and electronic bullying. It occurs via instant messaging, on a gaming or other social networking website, through email, by phone texting and in a chat room. Photos sent via the se venues are another way to harass. Cyber-bullying shares common features with traditional, schoolyard bullying but is less observable and allows the perpetrator to be anonymous. Due to the unique qualities of cyber-bullying it presents distinctive challenges. There are three ways to deal with cyber-bullying, parental understanding and involvement, the ability for the person being victimized to take steps to stop the harassment and the means to track the perpetrator. According to statistics provided by the i-SAFE foundation: At least half of teenagers have bullied another person online and about half have been bullied. About one-third of teens have been threatened online. More than one-fourth of teens have received continual online threats. More than half of cyber-bullied teens do not inform their parents. According to surveys conducted by the Cyberbullying Research Center: More than eight in ten teens regularly use mobile phones. It is the most common cyber-bullying medium. Unlike the schoolyard, girls are more likely to be the cyber-bully. Boys are more likely to receive threats. Between 10 and 20 percent of teens are regular victims of cyber-bullying. All races are cyber-bullied to about the same extent. The most common form of cyber-bullying involves rumor mongering. Unsurprisingly, victims of cyber-bullying are likely to have a diminished self image and to contemplate suicide. (Zaleski, 2011). Cyber-bullying takes many forms. As an example, a teenager who has no known adversaries at school or in the neighborhood begins being inundated by psychologically hurtful and threatening emails from an anonymous sender or senders. The teen recipient does not know who or how many people are against them therefore becomes frightened and increasingly paranoid both at school and home. Another example could be: a cyber-bully builds a phony Facebook profile but uses a class-mates photo, actual name and contact information. The cyber-bully then posts hateful and/or embarr assing messages and pictures then makes â€Å"friends† with other classmates. The fake profile circulates rapidly around school due to its provocative nature causing continuous humiliation for the victim. A variation of this is spamming a school’s web-based bulletin board with rumors about a student. (Hardcastle, 2012). Actual instances include the infamous Rutgers student who committed suicide by

History - Week five Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History - Week five - Essay Example He currently teaches journalism and United States foreign policy at Northwestern University. Kinzer has written several non-fiction books about Turkey, Central America, Iran, the US overthrow of foreign governments from the late 19th century to the present and, most recently, about Rwandas recovery from genocide. He has spoken out widely against a potential U.S. attack on Iran, warning that it would destroy the pro-US sentiment that has become widespread among the Iranian populace under the repressive Islamic regime.† (Wikipedia, August 11, 2008). The book is all about the quest of the United States to conquer more and more countries and to make a dominant name for itself in the world. The United States deployed many strong arms tactics to fulfill their aim of being the ultimate power in the world. This era saw a revolution in the tactics applied by the United States, they starting spreading democracy and at the same time started building up a strong army and an equally strong navy base, another significant change was the Americans brought foreign governments under there control during this era. The most dreadful villain in the book is John Foster Dulles; he was a lawyer and took care of the foreign capital of the countries which surrendered themselves to the policies of the United States. â€Å"Dulles was Eisenhowers secretary of state and his brother Allen Dulles, the head of the CIA -- a nefarious partnership that colluded together with unchecked unanimity.† (Swans, n, a). The book tells about the people who took ma tters in their own hands to topple foreign governments. The author talks about the three eras in the book namely, the imperial era. This saw countries Cuba, Puerto Rico and a few others come under the control of the United States. The second is the cold war era which saw United States employ strict rules on the countries like Iraq, Chile etc. The book explains why United

Theory Of Hegemony Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Theory Of Hegemony - Term Paper Example These studies are also concerned with areas like culture, digital and visual culture, cyberspace, and media and economic and super structural social organizations with the core principal of enabling communication are the core of media studies. Various scholars and researchers have come up with theories explaining critical communication and effects affecting critical communication studies this paper will examine hegemony theory and expounds how it has contributed significantly to the field critical communication studies (Anderson, 2006). An analysis of hegemony theory reveals that cultural institutions are significant in power maintenance, in capitalist societies using cultural institutions. Antonio Gramsci who is an Italian writer, political theorist, linguist, politician, philosopher, writer, and sociologist developed hegemony theory. Gramsci is of considerable significance in the founding of Communist Party of Italy and as one of the fop Marxist thinkers, during his regime Gramsci emerged as a distinguished figure in analyzing culture and political leadership. The theorist is known for the contribution to the use of cultural institutions in maintaining power in capitalist societies by use of his theory of cultural hegemony. ... The theorist views modern intellectuals to be organizers and practically minded directors significant in producing hegemony using ideological devices, for example, education and media and not talkers like the past intellectuals. He went further in bringing a distinction between thinking groups and traditional intellectuals; traditional society views itself being a class and a sector of the society while the thinking groups are products from their own ranks. Cramsci holds a view a believe that need for the creation of a working-class culture to serve the main purpose of renovating and to formulate critical of the status quo in the existing activities of the intellectuals. Gramsci could not manage to pursue his education because of financial and health problems as well have his emerging political commitment by that time he had, however, acquired a sufficient knowledge in various fields like history and philosophy. He had also interacted with thoughts from other thinkers like Antonio La briola, Benedetto Croce, Giovannini Gentile and Rodolfo Mondolfo during his studies at the university. Gramsci’s work on writing socialist including Grido dell Popolo from 1914 boost in earning positive reputation as an outstanding journalist, he later join the Piedmont edition of Avant as a co-editor that is for the Socialist official organ. His eloquence and profilic writing on political theories confirmed his ability of being a formidable commentator participating on writing of features concerning the Turin’s social and political life (Anderson, 2006). During this time, Gramsci ventured into education and the general organization of Turin workers while presenting his speech for the first time in

Public participation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public participation - Essay Example All members of the committee nominated the chair and his deputy through voting. Free and fair elections were held with willing members of the committee being among the nominees. Free elections mean that citizens can go to polls without terror of reprisal, and for elections to be fair; they must be count with equality (Dahl 89). All the votes were counted as equal in front of the members to assure that their judgements were counted without biasness. The chair and his deputy were then announced to the members and residents immediately after the counting. One of the residents offered a suggestion on poor lighting of the streets. He advised on the installation of LED street lights. The resident also asked whether the poor drainage conditions are solved. Weaste ward councilor answered the question that the drainage and plumbing company was informed. The health improvement officer asked for suggestions on the re-housing of the rehabilitation center. It was advised that the center was to be moved from the current location. Citizens must be active in forming the actual agenda. They should be permitted to suggest on both specific and general matters that are to be discussed and finally decided on (Dahl 123). A resident suggested on a cleanup day, the individual suggested Saturday. The city council was to provide the gloves, in bags, and litter pickers. Citizens must be knowledgeable and should be given a chance to express themselves (Dahl 216). Notes on any disabled individual who wanted to participate in the meeting was to call the any of the ward’s clerk for accommodation. A disabled resident on a wheel chair suggested on building of ramps in public places like the city halls to make the movement for the less privileged easier and efficient. Everyone in the society should be given a chance to have the freedom of speech. Democracy is important in a community and country. Elections help hold a government responsible and let the people

Theory Of Hegemony Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Theory Of Hegemony - Term Paper Example These studies are also concerned with areas like culture, digital and visual culture, cyberspace, and media and economic and super structural social organizations with the core principal of enabling communication are the core of media studies. Various scholars and researchers have come up with theories explaining critical communication and effects affecting critical communication studies this paper will examine hegemony theory and expounds how it has contributed significantly to the field critical communication studies (Anderson, 2006). An analysis of hegemony theory reveals that cultural institutions are significant in power maintenance, in capitalist societies using cultural institutions. Antonio Gramsci who is an Italian writer, political theorist, linguist, politician, philosopher, writer, and sociologist developed hegemony theory. Gramsci is of considerable significance in the founding of Communist Party of Italy and as one of the fop Marxist thinkers, during his regime Gramsci emerged as a distinguished figure in analyzing culture and political leadership. The theorist is known for the contribution to the use of cultural institutions in maintaining power in capitalist societies by use of his theory of cultural hegemony. ... The theorist views modern intellectuals to be organizers and practically minded directors significant in producing hegemony using ideological devices, for example, education and media and not talkers like the past intellectuals. He went further in bringing a distinction between thinking groups and traditional intellectuals; traditional society views itself being a class and a sector of the society while the thinking groups are products from their own ranks. Cramsci holds a view a believe that need for the creation of a working-class culture to serve the main purpose of renovating and to formulate critical of the status quo in the existing activities of the intellectuals. Gramsci could not manage to pursue his education because of financial and health problems as well have his emerging political commitment by that time he had, however, acquired a sufficient knowledge in various fields like history and philosophy. He had also interacted with thoughts from other thinkers like Antonio La briola, Benedetto Croce, Giovannini Gentile and Rodolfo Mondolfo during his studies at the university. Gramsci’s work on writing socialist including Grido dell Popolo from 1914 boost in earning positive reputation as an outstanding journalist, he later join the Piedmont edition of Avant as a co-editor that is for the Socialist official organ. His eloquence and profilic writing on political theories confirmed his ability of being a formidable commentator participating on writing of features concerning the Turin’s social and political life (Anderson, 2006). During this time, Gramsci ventured into education and the general organization of Turin workers while presenting his speech for the first time in

Final review --- economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final review --- economics - Assignment Example 22. Starting from long-run equilibrium, without policy intervention, the long-run impact of an adverse supply shock is that prices will be permanently higher and output will be restored to the natural rate. 9. In the Keynesian-cross model, if the MPC equals .75, then a $1 billion increase in government spending increases planned expenditures by S.75 billion and increases the equilibrium level of income by more than S. 75 billion Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) is an empirical metric that quantifies induced consumption, the concept that the increase in personal consumer spending (consumption) occurs with an increase in disposable income (income after taxes and transfers). The proportion of the disposable income which individuals desire to spend on consumption is known as propensity to consume. MPC is the proportion of additional income that an individual desires to consume. The tax multiplier is the ratio of the change in aggregate production to an autonomous change in government taxes when consumption is the only induced expenditure. Autonomous tax changes trigger the multiplier process and induced consumption provides the cumulatively reinforcing interaction between consumption, aggregate production, factor payments, and income. MPC and MPS have an inverse relationship. Because they add up to 100 percent, as MPS increases, MPC decreases and vice versa. For example, if a company earns an extra $200 per month in income and consumes, or spends, $100 extra per month, $100 per month is saved. The MPS and MPC are both 50 percent. If the business starts to spend $150 per month, only $50 is saved. The MPC increases to 75 percent, while the MPS decreases to 25 percent. 19. According to the theory of liquidity preference, if the supply of real money balances exceeds the demand for real money balances, individuals will purchase interest-earning assets in order to reduce holdings of non-interest-bearing money. 26. An increase in

Eye Tracking in Usability Evaluation

Eye Tracking in Usability Evaluation   In this literature review I have talked about experiments conducted on usability of various interfaces and designs using eye-tracking. The authors of the papers focus on various types of eye movements for usability evaluations like saccades, pupil dilation, fixation, scanpaths etc. Based on these measurements the try to infer the point/area of interest of the users, point on entry, the cognitive load etc. about the user. These conclusions help in understanding the mindset of the users which can be generalised to a larger population within the proximity of time and space and help in making recommendations for better design of the interface. Benefits of eye tracking: Eye tracking has many benefits. Using eye tracking methods for usability evaluation one can track how the users interact with a given interface or environment. They help in measuring the effectiveness of a visual element on the interface. The measurements recorded can give an insight into the users mind while making a decision regrading searching or navigating an interface. This can be done by measuring what users are interested in, what they are ignoring and what is distracting them from their current tasks. They help in figuring out the Area of Interest which I a randomly shaped box that may contain some information or object or potential interest to the user. The quantitative data collected through eye tracking gives a visuals representation usually in the form of heatmaps(hotspots) which help in better understanding the results. Eye tracking equipments used now-a-days like Tobii and SMI are easy to set-up, calibrate and handle. They are unobtrusive and p rovided accurate real-time feedback. The fast passed usability testing of the software development industry, test conducted using eye tracking can of valuable and useful input providing benefits what will help the users. Eye Tracking in Usability Evalusation: A practitioners Guide [1] This paper is a general guideline on the use of eye tracking used for usability evaluation. The author talks about the specialists who conduct the study, the metrics used with the testing, the protocol followed to conduct a test. They also talk about when eye tracking can come in handy as compared to the normal usability test which usually include heuristic evaluation, cognitive walkthrough, checklist, remoter-usability testing, click-tracking etc. The authors talk about the different types of eye movements that are measured like saccades, fixation, pupil dilation, scanpaths etc. These movements provide a log of the visual attention of a user on the interface. It is also interesting to know that the eye tracking gadgets only track the movement of one eye, usually the dominant eye of the beholder. Saccades: rapid eye movements. Fixation: A linger at a point for more than 300ms. Scanpath: established by the sequence of saccades and fixations. Most of the studies conducted analyzed the fixation pattern. Which can be realized through heatmaps. Red indicates the highest level of fixation followed by green yellow. The areas which are not colored drew no attention. F-Shaped Pattern for reading web content[4] The author says that a eye tracking study was conducted on 232 users on their reading behaviour on webpages. They found a governing F shaped pattern which was undeviating among most of the users. The participants of the experiment were fond to first adhere a long horizontal gaze across the screen, followed by a short horizontal gaze on the area below and finally giving a quick vertical scan of the content of the webpage. Occasionally there were a few cases of an E and an L shaped pattern but mostly F was dominant with variation in the placement of the horizontal bars. These patterns suggest hat usres dont read the text on a website line by line. They like to give a scan to see if any of the content available if of interest or not. Such reading patterns suggest that first paragraph should contain important and catchy information. While scanning vertically users generally users generally read the first two words of the text. Visual Hierarchy and Viewing Behaviour: An eye tracking study[2] The authors of this paper aim to suggest effective improvements in the design of a web page to attract more users and to disperse important information in an effective manner. For this purpose, they have analyzed the gazing patterns of users. The author have tried to decipher the reason behind the F shape viewing pattern by most users which could be due to the arrangements of element on the interface or the task at hand. To test this they used 4 prototypes of a webpage with each having a different visual hierarchy. The prototypes differed in the form of being well structed or not and 2 had images of people and 2 did not. 48 participants were used for the study which were from different field of the industry and each one was given either a searching task or a browsing task on one of the 4 prototypes. Fixation patterns using heatmaps was used to analyze the data. It was found that users fixate more on the part of the page which is above the fold. The F shaped pattern was not apparent w ith any of the conditions as the website was more visually complex as compared to a text based simple website. The well structured and organized pages drew more attention. During searching users tend to gaze in a scattered manner with more focus on the left side of the page where the navigation links are usually located. Browsing is less scattered with few fixations time and is usually defined within the center of the interface. Faces drew more attention only when they were placed above the fold of the page and during browsing. They concluded that these insights into a users viewing pattern can help make better designs for different type of websites to attract users. No subjective ratings were used to access users comfort while dealing with the different types of interfaces. Efficiency Trust and visual appeal: Usability testing through eye tracking[5] The authors conducted a research on the efficiency, trust and visual appeal of a website and made recommendations on what kind of an interface would attract more customers to an e-commerce website and what type of user experience would make a first-time visitor a customer. The author believed that an element of social presence will give a more satisfying experience while navigating an automated website which lack humane warmth. This accompanied with a aesthetically pleasing interface will make the users trust the website more. To test this the authors came up with a set of tasks for the users and two hypothesis which were related to images of people on a website and the visual appeal of a website. 522 users were recruited for an online study and each of them were provided with a different prototype of a website. Users were asked the visual appeal and the level of trust on the website using seven point Likert scales. After performing p on the online study, authors concluded that websi tes with images of people are more visually appealing and in turn elicit a higher level of trust. It was fond that the users conduct the search from left to right. The online study was followed by an eye tracking experiment to confirm the results of the online study. They used a count heat map and a fixation heatmap. 40 were recruited for the eye tracking experiment. The experiment confirmed that images of faces are more helpful in drawing attention. Gender Preferences in Web Design: Usability Testing through Eye tracking[6] The authors of this papers tried to investigate the visual predilections of male and female users. They have tried to detect he noticeability of bricklets(small box containing useful information) based on their background colour images by male and female users. Since men and woman have different notion of attractiveness, an hypothesis was made on the noticeability of the different prototypes of the bricklets. Men have a tendency to like dark colors and women have a tendency to like light color. 36 participants were chosen for the study out of which 17 were male and 19 were female. 4 type of bricklets were designed with dark and light background color and with and without images. Tasks were designed in such a way so that the users were tested on their ability to detect certain kind of bricklets. It was found that both male and female fixate less on images and more on the bricklets without images. Female users were attracted more towards the darker background bricklets and male users w ere not biased towards a specific colour. The study concluded that what users find appealing is not necessary noticeable this was supported by the discrepancy in self report survey and the fixation duration on the bricklets by the users. Generation Y and Web Design: Usability through Eye tracking[7] The aim of the authors of this paper is to come up for better design recommendation for retail web sites to attract the millennial generation also knows as generation Y. This generation poses the strongest internet skills and spend around $200 a year on online retail. An hypothesis is made that Generation Y like large images preferably of celebrities and with search features and as little text as possible. Top 50 retail pages were selected. These pages were ranked on the characteristics posed by them based on the predilections of generation Y. A self report study and an eye tracking study was conducted to compare both the results. 99 participants were selected who possessed strong internet skills for the self report study. 9 participants were selected for the eye tracking experiment. The survey and the data provided by the eye tracking device supported the hypothesis made. Eye tracking in Web Search Tasks: Design Implications [3] The authors of this paper conducted an eye tracking usability testing for a web portal application which was developed by Oracle portal software. Seven users were selected to complete six tasks for the study. The users came across 15 screens while completing their tasks and had to spend around 360 seconds to complete one task. The authors recorded the key presses and mouse clicks on the interface and eye movements like saccades and fixations and the dwell time on the Area of Interest were diligently recorded. Every task started with a set of scenario and required the user to perform them based on his understanding. The results in this study were not in the form heatmaps but rather in the form of screen bitmap files, fixation file and object file. These files were amalgamated to perform data analysis. The study was performed in a very systematic way. The authors studied the eye movements of the users at the task level then at the screen level and then finally at the object level with the focus on Area of Interest. In-depth study was conducted regarding screen visits and distribution. The authors analyzed the pattern for navigating within and between portlets and concluded that there is an inclination for the users to notice the portlets on the left and the upper part of the screen in view. The authors tried to discover a relationship between user action, scene sequence and the data derived from the eye movement. Age-related Differences in Eye Tracking and Usability Performance: Website usability for Older Adults [8]. The authors of this paper conducted usability study of websites through eye tracking to make design recommendations which keep in mind the needs and ease of usability and navigation of older adults. 5 websites were used for the experiment. And a comparison was made on how you and old people interact with the environment. Around 3-7 young adults and 2-3 older adults were recruited. All of them a possessed a working knowledge about using the internet. The participants were given predefined tasks and their fixations were recorded using the unobtrusive eye tracking device. The participants also filled out a questionnaire to report their satisfaction level. It was found that older adults focus more on the center portion of the screen and ignore the information located on the peripheral areas. Cluttered periphery results in performance hindrance for the old users. The ignorance of the edge of the screen can be related to the cognitive decline encountered due to growing age. Older adults we re less accurate and efficient as compared to younger adults. Older adults who are ususally unfamiliar with the environment get easily distracted by unnecessary elements. Seven users are very less as compared to the recommendation of 10-30 participants made by [1]. There were often stements made by the authors that there is presently too little evidence to support the notion [3] suggesting that clearly 7 participants for the experiment was not enough and the results produced can be a threat to external validity. [1] also suggest to recruit 20% more participants in case there are problems with calibiratio of the equipment with the users. [2] used 48 users from different fields of the industry sector age not mentioned. 40 people in [5]. [6] 99 participants were recruited. [8] small number of users. Limits on generalizations made. Users were tested for their visual acuity The users were made to sign demographic, consent and disclosure forms. The authors conducted initial training tasks They used a head mounted system. Although these systems are good for tasks which may require a lot of head or body movement, they are obtrusive. They obstruct a certain portion of the of the field of view of the user and can interrupt a user in hi cognitive process or task at hand as he is constantly reminded of a apparatus being setup on his head. Since this experiment was conducted in 2002 the eye tracking instruments used that time were not technologically that advanced. Therefore, a lot of time and effort went into analyzing the data. Tape recorders were used to capture users comments and a video recorder was also used for in depth analysis. While conducting the experiment it was found that one of the users took very less time to complete the task as compared to others. The authors concluded that users learned about the interface while performing the tasks. But since one of the users showed less reaction to time to the given task at hand the inference suffers from a threat to internal validity because he possessed previous knowledge about similar interface. Threats to generalizibilty as an intrusive setup was used. Dis advantages: tedious, requires extensive data reduction, focus on micro-level behaviours, too much noise in the data. Lots of work required to narrow down on the data that is needed Eye tracking study is usually conducted where results of traditional software usability results are compared with that of the results from the eye tracking derived results. The traditional usability tests are usually done using five point Likert scale. In many experiments authors have concluded that users are inclined towards noticing the upper left side of the interface. It maybe possible that users in these experiments are used to languages that goes left to right and hence are natural disposed to look at the upper left side of the screen. If there experiments were conducted on a subset of population that are used to languages that go from right to left then there could have been different results. Most of the papers have conclude that users tend to ignore important information what is located at the bottom of the page which if below the fold. It could be father investigated that is that information is accompanied with an image of a person then would it attract users or not. While investigating the usability of an interface mostly two types of tasks were used: browsing and searching. This is because it the viewing behaviours of the users change depending on their task. In searching the users try to find a point of entry into a page and then from their he scans the near the point of entry for relevant information. In the heatmap the areas that are red could be the point of entry for those elements of the interface and the yellow and green areas in the heatmap are the surrounding locations where the users try to locate relevant information. Since the search process is majorly influenced by the factors such as, images, color and text. Designers can make use of these factors to guide the searching process of the users A trend was found that larger images attracts more attention as compared to smaller images. This can be used to attract user attention towards information that need immediate attention. Studies suggest that images of people tend to attract more attention. For [2] more prototypes of the web pages could have be formulated and compared to see if that was really true. Heat maps are created using data from several participants and are used to analyze the pattern of fixation on an area on the interface. The findings in [2] are in contrast with the one in [4] where the author has concluded on a dominant F shaped pattern. It can be absorbed what for a text based website with a simple visual hierarchy an F shaped pattern of viewing is more visible but for websites that have a complex visual hierarchy the viewing pattern in more scattered although focusing a lot on the left side if the interface which again is dominated by the users reading style form left to right. Different results will most certainly be produced with users who are habitual in reading from right to left. In general websites with good visual appeal and easy navigation elicit trust worthiness and are major contributing factors towards an enhanced user experience. [5] says that when since images attract attention, can be used to draw users attention to important information below the fold of a page. But the author of [2] contradicts this by saying that even though images of human faces were placed below they fold they attracted very little attention. [5] says that there is no effect of the gender of the image of the face on the website but in [?] notice a lot re spots on the heat map over the images of a female. Also, further studies can be conducted to see male images are more appealing than female image and which gender of the images attract the male users and which gender of the images attract the female users. The analysis of the heat maps performed by [5] was more structured as they used a standardized heatmap. Such a map puts a limit on the number of fixations to be considered as a red zone across different prototypes. Although in [5] the authors conclude that users trust level can be enhanced by the increasing visual appeal it should be noted that visual appeal is not all that matters, functionality of a website also plays a major role. the authors of [5] said that users are attracted toward the area where the images of faces were located but little fixation on the images. This is opposed by [?] where the authors have concluded that generation Y is then to fixate on the images of faces more. Then again the age difference between the participants in [5] was spread out therefore the two papers made contradictory statements. Also, since [5] is making recommendations for a e-commerce website which is mostly used by generation Y they could have narrowed down the are limit of the participants of the experiment. Papers [5] and [2] concluded that images of faces attract more attention but it maybe possible that images of different genre may be more effective. These images when paired with a lowers aesthetic quality webpage may not attract any attention at all. Keeping the ethical issues in mind [],[], and [] did not made the users sign Informed consent form and no information is provided if the participants were briefed or not. [7] suggest that generation Y is more attracted towards images of celebrities. But the study may fail external validity as it has not considered the population of the people who are not familiar with those celebrities. To extend this study a search task could have been given to the users to gain a more indepth understang of likes and dislikes of generation as done ny authorss in [2] and [3]. [7] conducted a research on generation Y but we know that baby boomers are constitute major part of the population that uses the internet. Results form [2], [7] and [5] can be combined to make recommendations for designs that would attract more users and increase user satisfaction. These designs would generally contain more images of faces, important information will be located on top left corner of the screen. To draw attention towards the part of the page below the fold images of celebrities can be used in an effective manner. Most studies concluded that users tend to focus on the left side of the interface but the studies conducted in[8] concluded that older adults ignore the left navigation area. This suggests that younger users who are more familiar with the interface know where to look at for navigation but this lack of knowledge and experience hinder the performance of an older adult. To help out the tease out the age effect designers can do a dual placement where navigation information can be placed in the center and the peripherals of the screen. All the eye tracking studies performed were under a laboratory condition. Here the users are asked to perform task in which they might be interested. These results maybe different in a real world situation when users are performing tasks of their own interest and are aware that the are not being monitored.

Casinos Impacts Australia Essay -- Business, Tourist Destination

In the 1970s to 1990s, the number of casinos in Australia has been increasing which has helped the Australian economy. This is because the casino industry is one of the industries that are highly taxed as well as a popular tourist destination in Australia. The casino industry can increase the employment rate when it requires additional infrastructure and public services. Casinos have a positive economic contribution as it attracts a large number of tourists to travel to Australia for the purpose of gambling. On the other hand, casinos do have negative social impacts as studies have shown the casino industry can cause a variety of problems such as health and family problems. Australia has restricted the number of casinos to be developed as studies have shown that as gambling becomes convenient, there will be an increase in incidence rates of problem and compulsive gambling. According to the National Opinion Research Centre, $5 billion per a year would be spent on problem and compulsiv e gamblers. As a result, this essay will be using various articles, reports and websites to critically analyse the positive economic contributions as well as the negative social and economic impacts of the having the casino industry in Australia. Casinos are seen as a potential tourist destination in Australia. Tourists are willing to travel to other destinations to gamble since gambling is seen as a novelist entertainment when compared with other entertainment such as cinema and sports (Novak & Allsop 2009). Statistics in 2006 to 2008 showed an increase of tourists who has travelled to Australia for the purpose of gambling. An increase in tourists travelling to Australia would benefit the Australian economy as it will generate more revenue. According... ... the purpose of gambling have increased because people considered gambling as a novelist entertainment when compared with other entertainment. The increase of tourists in Australia has helped the economy because of the revenue it generates from the tourists. However, casinos do have negative social and economic impacts in Australia. Compulsive gamblers and those who are affected by compulsive gamblers would suffer similar serious consequences as result of the casino industry. The increased in the number of casinos is the cause of gambling problems as it has made it more convenient for people to gamble. Casinos can cause significant depression, anxiety, suicide ideation and other problems. Approximately $48 million to $150 million was the social costs for problem gamblers. Therefore, casinos can be seen as either having a positive or a negative impact in Australia.

Martial Arts Essay -- essays research papers

Martial Arts When you think of martial arts, what comes to mind? The slow, calm movements of Tai-Chi Chuan or maybe the faster, hard movements of Karate or Tae Kwon Do. No matter what you think of it always contains practiced movements of the body and a lot of concentration. These two elements combined with spirit and patience is basically what martial arts consists of. Martial arts is so great because it strengthens each of these aspects of body and mind to make a beautiful display of movement. This has attracted many people to all kinds of martial arts and with the help of the movies made it very popular among Americans. Today, many Americans prefer martial arts as an exercise to help them stay in shape. Tai-Chi, as an example, is a great martial art because of its use of both the body and mind. Tai-Chi can’t be done correctly if the person is not relaxed and doesn’t know the movements being done very well. The basis of Tai-Chi Chuan derives from the idea of being constantly round when performing it. If you are attacked on a straight line and you resist on a straight line, the stronger force will win, but if the incoming force is neutralized by circularity, then it becomes easier to defeat your opponent, no matter how strong they might be. That’s what Tai-Chi is based on, but It takes years of practice to get any good at it and decades to master. Another example of martial arts is Korea’s Tae Kwon Do. The main differences between Tai-Chi and Tae Kwon Do is the uni...

Cold War in Guatemala

Guatemala is known for being one of the most dangerous countries in Central America; nevertheless, it is not its fault that it is the way it is. During the Cold War there were many factors involved and many events that led to the Guatemala of today. It all began with the election of Colonel Arbenz during the â€Å"Ten Years of Springtime† which ended because President Eisenhower was influenced by his connections to Guatemala ´s â€Å"state within a state,† (TWT) the United Fruit Company. His decision disrupted a prosperous time for the country and created a dictatorship that gave birth to an army that caused a civil war which lasted over thirty years.Followed by a genocide that has the worst human rights record; it marked the beginning of a totally different Central American country that is now scarred and has not yet fully recovered from this disastrous event. Sometimes actions are committed for the right reasons but in a wrong way; the United States did exactly that . They changed an entire nation for their own interest by having most of the country under the control of an American-owned business, and ended up destroying it slowly and painfully with the result of a genocide and a thirty-year civil war.On the other hand, the Soviet Union only stood aside and let the country’s communism be taken over. From 1945 to late 1954 there was a time of prosperity in Guatemala known as the â€Å"Ten Years of Springtime. † Juan Josà © Arà ©valo, who was the president at this time, began the period of enlightenment by establishing the nation ´s security system and health system. He also created a government bureau â€Å"to look at Mayan concerns† (TWT). He was followed by Colonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzman who won the elections of 1951.During this time, most of the land in Guatemala was controlled by the United Fruit Company which was an American-owned company that directed the other two big enterprises in the country, the International Ra ilway of Central America and Empress Electrica. Statistically speaking, seventy percent of the farm laborers and arable land were run by two percent of the landowners. One hundred sixty thousand acres of this territory were uncultivated so Arbenz came up with a land reform to redistribute these pieces of land to peasants, letting them have individually owned small farms.The company was compensated but it still disagreed with the reform even though they did not lose much money. The United Fruit Company not only owned land though, it also owned the telegraph and telephone system of the country and most of the railroad track; therefore, it was labeled the â€Å"state within a state† (TWT). Connections between this huge enterprise and the United States' government were really close, especially since so many members of both organizations had personal relationships with one another (TWT). This was the initial push towards American involvement in Guatemala.What actually convinced Pr esident Eisenhower to step in, was when â€Å"Nicaragua’s president, Anastasio Somoza, solicited U. S. assistance to overthrow Arbenz† (Cold War Museum). The country was labeled â€Å"communist† and under this excuse, the containment policy was put to action. Aid was sent to the Guatemalan Army, including CIA planes and a CIA army. Jacobo Arbenz Guzman was overthrown and fled to Cuba (TWT). After the intervention, Colonel Castillo Armas became the new president after being chosen by the United States, â€Å"ensuring the promotion of American interests in Guatemala† (Cold War Museum).The â€Å"Springtime† was over. After Armas, a succession of military dictatorships followed but, the economy of the country began to drop and the gap between rich and poor just got wider; guerrilla groups were beginning to appear. Since the 1960s, the CIA created links with the Guatemalan Army unit, also called the G-2, which killed thousands of Guatemalan civilians by having their own â€Å"torture centers and body dumps throughout Guatemala† (TWT). Public reports revealed that this army was the most repressive and in 1977, United States president Jimmy Carter cut off military aid (TWT).Argentina, Chile, and Israel continued to play a major role by supplying weapons, building munitions, and training the Guatemalan soldiers. A genocide, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group. † This event marked the 1980s for Guatemala. Violence was inevitable for the country, especially with an unstable government, a strong army, and a guerrilla group ready for a rebellion.The soldiers of the Guatemalan army called themselves a â€Å"killing machine† and they began a â€Å"systematic campaign of repression and suppression† (PPU) against the Mayan Indians, a guerrilla group that was part of the resistance. For two years, they were hunted down and murdered while the army’s perception of the Mayan communities only grew worse with time. Six hundred twenty-six villages were destroyed, or â€Å"disappeared†; children were beat against the walls and thrown down pits, men were tortured until death, and women were sexually abused and tortured at the same time. This became known as the â€Å"Silent Holocaust† (PPU).As a result, around 70,000 people died during this event and in the following years, from 1966 to 1990, an estimate of 200,000 murders occurred. There was almost a complete extermination of the Mayan communities (PPU). In 1986, â€Å"civilian rule and a new constitution were set up because, but the army held on its power because half a million Guatemalans were/are members of the army† (PPU). It took the Guatemalan leaders from both sides, the government and the resistance, five years to sign a peace agreement created by the United Nations to stop the thirty-year Civil War.In 1994, the Unite d Nations set up a human rights monitor in Guatemala called MINUGUA (TWT). MINUGUA highlighted many cases of torture and murder and came to the conclusion that human rights are violated on a daily basis. Guatemala today is still standing on the hope of a peace agreement that is still in progress. This peace agreement would also represent â€Å"democratic leadership, rights for indigenous people and displaced communities, demilitarization, constitutional reforms, an end to impunity, a Truth Commission, political participation, and attention to socio- economic issues such as land reform† (TWT).The United States can help Guatemala by stopping the aid they continue giving to the army (TWT), by supporting political and economic reform, and ending the war they have against the Guatemalan people. Today, there are still investigators looking for those who survived the genocide or were a part of it to continue to bring justice to the Guatemalan people for their incredible loss of live s many years ago. For example, just recently, General Efrain Rios Montt, who ruled Guatemala from 1982 to 1983, was just convicted to eighty years of prison for the genocide of his people (CNN).This is the first step the country of Guatemala has taken to move on from its horrible past. As is obvious, the Guatemalan country suffered greatly with the Cold War because of all the problems it created. The United States aided this country because of the containment policy at first but ended up supporting the army that caused the genocide, and eventually creating a civil war that lasted thirty years. Guatemala is doing much better in modern days, but it still has not fully recovered from such events that occurred in the past, a huge scar was left behind. Cold War in Guatemala Guatemala is known for being one of the most dangerous countries in Central America; nevertheless, it is not its fault that it is the way it is. During the Cold War there were many factors involved and many events that led to the Guatemala of today. It all began with the election of Colonel Arbenz during the â€Å"Ten Years of Springtime† which ended because President Eisenhower was influenced by his connections to Guatemala?s â€Å"state within a state,† (TWT) the United Fruit Company. His decision disrupted a prosperous time for the country and created a dictatorship that gave birth to an army that caused a civil war which lasted over thirty years.Followed by a genocide that has the worst human rights record; it marked the beginning of a totally different Central American country that is now scarred and has not yet fully recovered from this disastrous event. Sometimes actions are committed for the right reasons but in a wrong way; the United States did exactly that. T hey changed an entire nation for their own interest by having most of the country under the control of an American-owned business, and ended up destroying it slowly and painfully with the result of a genocide and a thirty-year civil war.On the other hand, the Soviet Union only stood aside and let the country’s communism be taken over. From 1945 to late 1954 there was a time of prosperity in Guatemala known as the â€Å"Ten Years of Springtime. † Juan Jose Arevalo, who was the president at this time, began the period of enlightenment by establishing the nation?s security system and health system. He also created a government bureau â€Å"to look at Mayan concerns† (TWT). He was followed by Colonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzman who won the elections of 1951.During this time, most of the land in Guatemala was controlled by the United Fruit Company which was an American-owned company that directed the other two big enterprises in the country, the International Railway of Cen tral America and Empress Electrica. Statistically speaking, seventy percent of the farm laborers and arable land were run by two percent of the landowners. One hundred sixty thousand acres of this territory were uncultivated so Arbenz came up with a land reform to redistribute these pieces of land to peasants, letting them have individually owned small farms.The company was compensated but it still disagreed with the reform even though they did not lose much money. The United Fruit Company not only owned land though, it also owned the telegraph and telephone system of the country and most of the railroad track; therefore, it was labeled the â€Å"state within a state† (TWT). Connections between this huge enterprise and the United States' government were really close, especially since so many members of both organizations had personal relationships with one another (TWT). This was the initial push towards American involvement in Guatemala.What actually convinced President Eise nhower to step in, was when â€Å"Nicaragua’s president, Anastasio Somoza, solicited U. S. assistance to overthrow Arbenz† (Cold War Museum). The country was labeled â€Å"communist† and under this excuse, the containment policy was put to action. Aid was sent to the Guatemalan Army, including CIA planes and a CIA army. Jacobo Arbenz Guzman was overthrown and fled to Cuba (TWT). After the intervention, Colonel Castillo Armas became the new president after being chosen by the United States, â€Å"ensuring the promotion of American interests in Guatemala† (Cold War Museum).The â€Å"Springtime† was over. After Armas, a succession of military dictatorships followed but, the economy of the country began to drop and the gap between rich and poor just got wider; guerrilla groups were beginning to appear. Since the 1960s, the CIA created links with the Guatemalan Army unit, also called the G-2, which killed thousands of Guatemalan civilians by having thei r own â€Å"torture centers and body dumps throughout Guatemala† (TWT). Public reports revealed that this army was the most repressive and in 1977, United States president Jimmy Carter cut off military aid (TWT).Argentina, Chile, and Israel continued to play a major role by supplying weapons, building munitions, and training the Guatemalan soldiers. A genocide, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group. † This event marked the 1980s for Guatemala. Violence was inevitable for the country, especially with an unstable government, a strong army, and a guerrilla group ready for a rebellion.The soldiers of the Guatemalan army called themselves a â€Å"killing machine† and they began a â€Å"systematic campaign of repression and suppression† (PPU) against the Mayan Indians, a guerrilla group that was part of the resistance. For two years, they were hunted down and murdere d while the army’s perception of the Mayan communities only grew worse with time. Six hundred twenty-six villages were destroyed, or â€Å"disappeared†; children were beat against the walls and thrown down pits, men were tortured until death, and women were sexually abused and tortured at the same time. This became known as the â€Å"Silent Holocaust† (PPU).As a result, around 70,000 people died during this event and in the following years, from 1966 to 1990, an estimate of 200,000 murders occurred. There was almost a complete extermination of the Mayan communities (PPU). In 1986, â€Å"civilian rule and a new constitution were set up because, but the army held on its power because half a million Guatemalans were/are members of the army† (PPU). It took the Guatemalan leaders from both sides, the government and the resistance, five years to sign a peace agreement created by the United Nations to stop the thirty-year Civil War.In 1994, the United Nations se t up a human rights monitor in Guatemala called MINUGUA (TWT). MINUGUA highlighted many cases of torture and murder and came to the conclusion that human rights are violated on a daily basis. Guatemala today is still standing on the hope of a peace agreement that is still in progress. This peace agreement would also represent â€Å"democratic leadership, rights for indigenous people and displaced communities, demilitarization, constitutional reforms, an end to impunity, a Truth Commission, political participation, and attention to socio- economic issues such as land reform† (TWT).The United States can help Guatemala by stopping the aid they continue giving to the army (TWT), by supporting political and economic reform, and ending the war they have against the Guatemalan people. Today, there are still investigators looking for those who survived the genocide or were a part of it to continue to bring justice to the Guatemalan people for their incredible loss of lives many years ago. For example, just recently, General Efrain Rios Montt, who ruled Guatemala from 1982 to 1983, was just convicted to eighty years of prison for the genocide of his people (CNN).This is the first step the country of Guatemala has taken to move on from its horrible past. As is obvious, the Guatemalan country suffered greatly with the Cold War because of all the problems it created. The United States aided this country because of the containment policy at first but ended up supporting the army that caused the genocide, and eventually creating a civil war that lasted thirty years. Guatemala is doing much better in modern days, but it still has not fully recovered from such events that occurred in the past, a huge scar was left behind.